There have been many significant inventions that changed the way Essay

There have been numerous huge developments that changed the manner in which individuals live their lives. What, as you would see it, is one signific - Essay Example Postulation Statement - While innovative advances, for example, power and the web improved the lives of individuals from numerous points of view, they didn't generally add to halting the proceeded with deliberate abuse of over half of the world’s populace. The Early Forms of Birth Control In the old world, numerous ladies and a couple of men considered how to make an item that could prevent ladies from imagining each time they encountered sexual closeness. It was a gotten truth, and, after its all said and done, that proceeded with pregnancies were significantly destructive to the collections of ladies. There have been records found to confirm that unrefined types of condoms were made out of the digestion tracts of creatures in antiquated Greece. There were likewise poultices framed from as grouping of weird substances which were utilized by ladies. Besides, the vast majority of these techniques were ineffective in halting pregnancy. Anti-conception medication was seen just li ke a no-no subject that ‘respectable’ ladies would not participate in. ... Contraception in the Early Days According to Engelman, from 1800 to 1900 in the United States alone, nine out of each 1000 ladies would lose their lives during labor (Engelman, 24). The American government effectively disheartened the dispersion of any data in regards to issues to do with controlling pregnancy or separating the quantities of youngsters that a lady had. Taking part in such exercises was viewed as being on the side of the spread of obscene exercises. Additionally, the American government didn't state or do much about the numerous ladies who were passing on consistently during labor. As talking honestly about conceptive issues was something that could be arraigned under state just as government laws of the time, ladies in the eighteenth century didn't have a clue or see much as concerning their bodies or regenerative frameworks. For women’s lives to be improved, they must have the option to control their conceptive lives. In the eighteenth century, just as in the entire hundreds of years earlier, there were various strategies that a few couples turned to so as to forestall pregnancy. In certain families, a wedded couple would really see family members independently as a method of managing the impulse to take part in sex. A couple of couples attempted to utilize restraint, in any event, when they were living respectively, to constrain the introduction of kids. Numerous couples, in any case, favored the withdrawal strategy, or other untested methods that included the utilization of wipes, condoms, cervical tops, and douches. Every one of these strategies, however, were not extremely fruitful. Most of wipes and creams even brought genuine wellbeing related issues for their clients. Forbearance didn't work generally in light of the fact that it required total abstinence with respect to the spouse. Ladies, who were very much aware of

Philanthropy have left her utterly unconcerned abo Essay Example For Students

Charity have left her absolutely uninterested abo Essay hiut her family and Harold Skimpole who is a sluggish and narrow minded man took care of by others’ liberality and his mimicry of whimsical flightiness. In its time the novel was viewed as ineffectively built notwithstanding its host of intriguing characters albeit later pundits have by and large considered it to be one of his best works in spite of its periodic verbosity. Differently a ward partner to the London poor and a fruitful New Zealand sheep rancher, Samuel Butler didn't prize the perspectives of his time (the second 50% of the nineteenth century). His books were nonconformist in their mentalities towards Victorian beliefs and The Way of All Flesh is premier among them. It is fitting, at that point, that it was distributed after his demise and Queen Victorias, in 1903. It was finished in its unique form in 1885 however the subsequent half was rarely changed. It delineates the lives of four ages and is described by family companion Overton despite the fact that it centers around Ernest Pontifex and his regard for his extraordinary granddad John. His dad Theo is the books starting concern, though,and he develops after appointment into coldblooded and drill sergeant perspectives to parenthood which influence youthful Ernest. As the story advances we see the last give his cash to a pregnant servant, become a minister and detained for confusing a g ood woman with a prostitute. Ernest is discharged distinctly to start a hasty relationship with the house keeper, Ellen. The story and its decision question the estimations of Victorian culture and offer the comfort of the individual psyche when show comes up short. Many respect The Way of All Flesh, distributed in 1903, the year after Butlers passing, as his perfect work of art. It unquestionably contains a great part of the pith of Butlerism. This generally self-portraying novel tells, with merciless mind, authenticity, and absence of conclusion, the tale of Butlers escape from the stifling good air of his home circle. In it, the character Ernest Pontifex represents Butlers early self and Overton for his develop self; Theobald and Christina are his folks; Towneley and Alethea speak to â€Å"nice† individuals who â€Å"love God† in Butlers uncommon feeling of having â€Å"good wellbeing, great looks, great sense, understanding, and a reasonable equalization of money in hand.† The book was persuasive toward the start of the counter Victorian response and helped reverse the situation against unnecessary parental predominance and strict unbending nature. Ernest Pontifex, hero in The Way of All Flesh, fights his dads iron will in an individual battle to completely understand the capability of oneself. While taking the situation of a scholarly gadfly resolved to assault the tricks of society, Pontifex likewise expect the accepted job of representative for the creators one of a kind enemy of Victorian convictions. Bibliography:philanthropy have left her absolutely indifferent about her family and Harold Skimpole who is an apathetic and egotistical man took care of by others’ liberality and his mimicry of whimsical flightiness. In its time the novel was viewed as ineffectively developed in spite of its host of intriguing characters albeit later pundits have for the most part considered it to be one of his best works regardless of its incidental verbosity. Method of all fleshSummary Variously an area aide to the London poor and a fruitful New Zealand sheep rancher, Samuel Butler didn't love the mentalities of his time (the second 50% of the nineteenth century). His books were nonconformist in their perspectives towards Victorian beliefs and The Way of All Flesh is preeminent among them. It is suitable, at that point, that it was distributed after his passing and Queen Victorias, in 1903. It was finished in its unique form in 1885 however the subsequent half was rarely changed. It delineates the lives of four ages and is described by family companion Overton in spite of the fact that it centers around Ernest Pontifex and his regard for his extraordinary granddad John. His dad Theo is the books introductory concern, though,and he develops after appointment into barbarous and slave driver perspectives to parenthood which influence youthful Ernest. As the story advances we see the last give his cash to a pregnant house cleaner, become a mi nister and detained for confusing a decent woman with a prostitute. Ernest is discharged distinctly to start an indiscreet relationship with the servant, Ellen. The story and its decision question the estimations of Victorian culture and offer

Research on Borderline Personality Disorder Subtypes

Research on Borderline Personality Disorder Subtypes BPD Print Research on Borderline Personality Disorder Subtypes By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 19, 2019 Westend61/Getty Images More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with a number of different signs and symptoms. In order to be diagnosed with BPD, an individual must meet just five out of a total of nine diagnostic criteria, meaning that BPD in one person can look very different from BPD in another.?? This has led some experts to wonder whether there are actually distinct types of borderline personalities. BPD Subtypes  in Popular Media In popular media and pop psychology books, there is a great deal of discussion of different BPD subtypes. For example, in her book Understanding the Borderline Mother, Dr. Christine Lawson, describes four subtypes of mothers with BPD: the Waif (helpless), the Hermit (fearful/avoidant), the Queen (controlling) and the Witch (sadistic). In The Essential Family Guide to Borderline Personality Disorder by Randi Kreger, people with BPD are grouped into lower-functioning/conventional types versus higher-functioning/invisible types. The conventional type is described as engaging in a lot of self-destructive behavior that requires frequent hospitalization, and being very low-functioning, meaning he or she may not be able to work or go to school. The author calls this self-destructive behavior acting in, an idea that correlates with the concept of  internalizing symptoms. In contrast, the invisible type is described as functioning well in most contexts, but engaging in a great deal of acting out behavior, such as verbal abuse, criticizing others or becoming violent. This description correlates well with the concept of  externalizing symptoms. These subtypes of BPD in popular literature were derived from the authors own expert opinions on the existence of different types of borderline personalities. More recently, researchers have tried to take a quantitative approach to describe subtypes of BPD. The research on the topic paints a more complicated picture. Research on Subtypes The research on the existence of subtypes of BPD is mixed. Some research studies have found that BPD can be treated as a unified diagnostic entity without the presence of clear subtypes. But other studies have identified some subtypes of BPD. One study, which examined types of borderline personalities based on patterns of co-occurring personality problems, identified three subtypes of BPD that map onto the three clusters of personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Cluster A, Cluster B, and Cluster C. Those in the Cluster A subgroup tended to engage in more paranoid thinking and eccentric behavior, those in B tended to have more dramatic or arrogant personalities, and those in C tended to be more fearful. Another study that examined BPD subtypes in adolescent boys and girls with BPD found reliable subtypes in girls, but not boys. Girls with BPD tended to fall into one of the following categories: high-functioning internalizing, depressive internalizing, histrionic  and angry externalizing. A third study found three BPD subtypes: withdrawnâ€"internalizing, severely disturbedâ€"internalizing and anxiousâ€"externalizing.?? Interestingly, these last two studies suggest that the distinctions between internalizing versus externalizing symptoms and high versus low functioning may be an important one in BPD, and may in part validate some of the popular psychology literature on the topic. Because of the inconsistencies in the research literature, much more study is needed on this topic. BPD Treatment Implications At least one study has found that individuals with different presentations of BPD may respond differently to treatment. In this study, individuals from the severely disturbed-internalizing subtype did not see symptom improvement with treatment, whereas those in the anxious-externalizing and withdrawn-internalizing subtypes did.?? This suggests that the prognosis for BPD may be different depending on the subtype that an individual belongs to. However, much more research is needed before we can say anything definitive about differential treatment response. 6 Common Myths About Borderline Personality Disorder

Describe theories relating to personality and how they...

There are varying theories relating to personality, with each theory giving a different viewpoint on how personality affects sporting performance. One of these theories is the Trait Theory (Eysenck) which originally stated that there were only two personality types (introvert and extrovert) but over time realised that this limited the theory and introduced two more personality traits (stable and neurotic). Each one of these personality types has its own unique affect on a sports performance. An introvert for example is seen to be shy and tends to choose a solo sport, and this sport is likely to be one that contains small muscle movements such as darts. This personality trait would affect sporting performance if the performer was†¦show more content†¦This theory can lead to both positive and negative affects on a sports performance. For example a sports performer who watches a more experienced player may copy the approach taken by the more experienced player possibly leading to an eventual improvement in his or her own level of skill. This can also be spun on its head though, if a performer is watching (football for example) and witnesses a player successfully dive this might cause the performer to try and replicate this negative action leading to a decline in performance. One final theory relating to personality is the interactionist theory; this theory states that personality has three levels that interact to form an individual’s personality and is based on the work of Hollander (1967). This theory describes how a person’s typical responses change according to varying environmental situations, therefore meaning behaviour becomes unpredictable. This theory also explains why a performers personality can change depending on the situation they’re placed in. When combined with Eysenck’s trait theory this becomes easier to explain how personality affects sports performance. An example of this would be that a person in day to day life could be seen as introverted, but when they partake in sport their traits can change and they can become and extrovert based on the situation they are place in e.g. a footballShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 CommunicationRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesto build brands are shown in the figure above. The first, pressure to compete on price, directly affects the motivation to build brands. The second reason, the proliferation of competitors, reduces the positioning options available and makes implementation less effective. 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Review Of Yann Martel s Life Of Pi Essay - 1337 Words

GradeSaver: Getting you the grade Search GradeSaver Study Guides Q A Lesson Plans Essay Editing Services Literature Essays College Application Essays Textbook Answers Writing Help LOG IN HomeStudy GuidesLife of PiLife of Pi Summary Life of Pi Study Guide Life of Pi by Yann Martel Buy Study Guide Life of Pi Summary Life of Pi tells the fantastical story of Pi Patel, a sixteen-year-old South Indian boy who survives at sea with a tiger for 227 days. Pi, born Piscine Molitor Patel, grows up in the South Indian city of Pondicherry, where his father runs the zoo. A precocious and intelligent boy, by the age of fifteen Pi—Hindu from an early age—has also adopted Christianity and Islam, and considers himself a pious devotee to all three religions. Thanks to government upheaval that has long been distressing Pi’s father, the Patels decide to close the Pondicherry Zoo and move to Canada when Pi is sixteen. Pi, his mother, father, and brother Ravi all board the Tsimtsum along with the zoo’s animal inhabitants (who are on their way to be sold around the world). An unexplained event causes the Tsimtsum to sink, and Pi is the only human to make it onto the lifeboat and survive. Along with Pi, the lifeboat contains a hyena, a zebra, Orange Juice the orangutan, and Richard Parker the tiger. The hyena kills and devours both the zebra and Orange Juice, before Richard Parker kills the hyena. Pi is left alone on a lifeboat with an adult male tiger. There is no land in sight and theShow MoreRelatedReview Of Yann Martel s Life Of Pi1277 Words   |  6 Pagesand conquer, others succumb to the opposing force, and some learn to live alongside it. Life of Pi, written by Yann Martel, illustrates the significance of internal struggle and awakening as paralleled to its external counterparts through the voice of boy enduring intense trials of both mind and body. A multi-cultural, educated zookeeper’s son, Piscine Molitar Patel, narrates Life of Pi. The reader observes Pi, transform from a worldly, sensible human being to a bestial animal ravaged by the mercilessRead MoreSummary Of The By Yann Martel s 1628 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantages as well as disadvantages. In Yann Martel’s novel, the story’s protagonist, Piscine Patel, is a religious follower of three religions, who strongly believes that religion is essential to having a sense of imagination and that lack of faith leads to mere rationalism. Pi is a young man who survives 227 days adrift in the Pacific Ocean with a Bengal tiger, through the help of his trust and adherence to religion. Without faith in religion and G-d, Pi would not have been able to survive the

Poca Snack Free Essays

POCA SNACK – PEPSI CO Pepsi Co, established about 100 years ago, is the owner of the Poca brand and one of the largest companies in the world, having a significant variety of carbonated, non-carbonated beverages, salty sweet and gain-based snack and other food which are available in more than 200 countries. PepsiCo Vietnam was established in 1991 (IBC) under the form of a joint-venture company, and became owned wholly by foreign businessmen in 2000, with a great many investments and supports from PepsiCo Global. Along with the success of Lay’s snack brand name all over the world, PepsiCo is on the way to build a new snack brand, Poca, with a view to becoming popularly recognized in not only Vietnam but also overseas markets in the long run. We will write a custom essay sample on Poca Snack or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although Poca brand has been established in Vietnam nearly for four years, it is ranking now in the top three leading snack companies (The Market Newspaper 2008). Until now, Poca has 20 flavors with various package sizes from 10 to 60g. Although Poca brand is now very popular and has had a large market share in the market for snack they still have some limitations. Firstly, as being a comparatively new entrant with recently launched products, Poca has to compete with a great number of big and long-standing well-known opponents, such as Oishi, Pringles, Kinh Do. Almost Vietnamese customers are used to those famous brands so they do not care much about Pepsi Co snack – Poca. Secondly, most people think that snack is unhealthy food. Therefore, many parents do not allow their child to eat snacks. Moreover, Poca also contain small amounts of cholesterol, animal fat, sodium which are well-known as unhealthy substances. Last but not least, natural factors such as water, soil or weather play a very important role in growing potatoes and wheat, so if there are some changes on one of them, it could effect to the productivity of the whole industry. In addition, each year Vietnam often face with many disasters such as storms or typhoons. Therefore, Poca sometimes faces shortage of main raw material and it leads to large amount of backlogs. There are some suggestions to deal with Poca brand’s limitations. Poca brand should intensify the natural nutrition such as anti-inflammatory, omega 3, aliphatic acid, and oleocanthal and minimize the unhealthy ingredients like cholesterol, animal fat, sodium and artificial substances. Besides, they can change the packing materials from plastics into Bio-Plastics packages – which automatically disintegrate into carbon dioxide, water, and biological substances under the natural condition. It will encourage people to buy Poca instead of other snack brand to protect the environment. Moreover, the whole industry has to be aware about the weather in Vietnam in order to avoid shortage of main raw material. They should have careful planning and well weather prediction. Furthermore, there should be more promotions to attract the customers. For example, the company sometimes holds parties or concerts with the performance of the brand’s representatives – famous stars, they can give out some discount programs to attract more consumers. Additionally, the company should increase more flavors for recent products. They should give out the surveys among their target customers to determine the favorite flavors for the upcoming products. As Poca develops new competitive and unique flavors, it can compete with other famous competitors such as Kinh Do Barkery or Bibica. INTRODUCTION . Saigon Cosmetics Corporation (SCC) is officially established in 01/01/1987 and became a share holding company in 01/01/2000. The company specializes in manufacturing and distributing perfume. Besides, the company also produces shampoo, shower gel and soap. Before 1990, the market of SCC is only local. In 1990, the first foreign markets were the Soviet Union and the Eastern European Bloc countries. Since then, the business has developed greatly, and now been it is aiming for international markets such as the US and UK. In addition, the company completed and put into use a new factory of 18ha area at Cat Lai Industry zone, District 2, HCMC in 2004. , Miss Saigon Elegance is a high quality product of the company which has a unique shape of a Vietnamese girl wearing an â€Å"Ao dai† and a conical hat. Since the year 2007, SCC has started investing in new stores to sell its products. At present, SCC has 13 stores in all over Vietnam. Many of the stores are located in big department stores/supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City – the most developed city of Vietnam. Moreover, there is a showroom in Phu My Hung – a new and wealthy district in HCMC. Besides, SCC products are also sold at other general retail shops. * The company aims to build its brand into a internationally competitive one, make it to the world-class level. This will face with tremendous difficulties as there are top brands in the world that has perfume product; e. g: Calvin Klein, Chanel, Cartier, Hugo Boss, Giorgio Armani, etc. Products at medium cost may make the customer wonder about the quality of the products as comparing to other brands of perfume. Vietnamese customers are in favor with foreign brands rather than the local brands. Perfume in general is luxury product, which are usually sold at high price. * To provide customers with high-quality products, the company imports materials from French. Moreover, the company is in associate with Liz Claiborne cosmetics for manufacturing technology and quality assurance counseling. Most of the materials for the products are imported. This results in import tax and transportation cost that cut down on the company’s profit. Access to raw materials is limited There are counterfeit products of Miss Saigon Elegance perfume that have been found in some South East Asian countries. This threatens to take over part of the company’s profit and harm the customers’ health and therefore, damage the brand image. Recruit skilled employees to make sure that products have good quality. Associate with other well-known brand such as Ponds to make a bundle of perfume and body care to attract more customers. ST strategies * Mass invest in promotion to get customers’ attention and increase sales. * Build up a good system to communicate with customers to keep them and attract new customers as well. | WT strategies * Diversify pr oducts to set different prices for different target customers. Try to promote the products in more areas with attractive advertisements. | SO strategies * Develop the company’s website for customers to be able to buy product online. * Research the market in Vietnam as well as foreign markets to improve the quality of the products to meet customers’ satisfaction. | WO strategies * Recruit skilled employees to make sure that products have good quality. * Associate with other well-known brand such as Ponds to make a bundle of perfume and body care to attract more customers. * Invest more in promotion for our products and try to have more customers from not only the market in Vietnam but also in other countries. * Maintain the relationship with the customers by building a good membership system which allows discount to customers who have silver and gold membership card. * Product Mix Pricing Strategies: SCC has many kinds of products which has different appropriate prices for the customers. The products range from average quality product to high quality product. This means that the company is using product line pricing to set different prices based on the different quality of the products * Price-Adjustment Strategies: * Psychological Pricing: because customers tend to judge a product’s quality based on the price – higher price means better quality – so we set a fairly high price that is compatible with the value of the products. * Product-bundle pricing: the product line of Miss Saigon Elegance contains two kinds of fragrance: N1 and N2. When buying both fragrances, instead of paying 500,000VND, customers will have to pay 450,000 only. We suggest other bundles, for example, when buying a bottle of Miss Saigon Elegance (250,000VND) and Miss Vietnam (180,000VND), customers only have to pay 399,000VND instead of 430,000VND. * the company should have salespeople to push its products to the customers. With this strategy, word-of-mouth can be excellent in helping people recognize and remember the products as well as the company. * On occasions like Christmas Eve, Women’s Day, New Year, Company birthday etc. customers can have a small extra 5ml bottle of Cindy perfume when buying a 75ml Miss Saigon Elegance or 20% discount on all product. How to cite Poca Snack, Essay examples

Infectious Disease Prevention and Contr Essay Example

Infectious Disease Prevention and Contr Essay Required Preparation: Read the textbook; review the power points before class. Read the assigned article, and be ready to discuss it in a group. Learning Objectives: 1. Review principles related to the occurrence and transmission of infection and infectious diseases. 2. Describe the chain of transmission of infectious diseases. 3. Apply the chain of transmission to describing approaches to controlling infectious disease. 4. Review types of immunity, including herd immunity. 5. Review principles of immunization and specify the immunization recommended for all age  groups in the United States. 6. Describe the legal responsibility for control of communicable diseases in the United States. 7. Describe the chain of transmission and control for priority infectious disease. 8. Identify nursing activities for control of infectious diseases at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention. 9. Review principles related to the occurrence and transmission of infection and infectious diseases. Key Terms: Knowing these terms will help you understand the concepts of this topic. communicable disease isolation mass screening mode of transmission  zoonoses incubation period nosocomial infection outbreak endemic epidemic pandemic cross-immunity Materials Needed for Class: This packet Today’s Activities: Lecture, group work with case studies Study Questions: Talk about the previous perspectives in communicable diseases. What happened in the last century to increase positive outcomes in community health? Talk about transmission of communicable diseases. Transmission depends on the successful interaction of three factors. What are they? What are the four main categories of infections agents that can cause infection? We will write a custom essay sample on Infectious Disease Prevention and Contr specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Infectious Disease Prevention and Contr specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Infectious Disease Prevention and Contr specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Discuss the modes of transmission. What are the three examples of disease spectrum? How are communicable diseases tracked? What about emerging infectious diseases? What are some examples—and what was done about it? How are communicable diseases prevented and controlled? What is the role of the nurse? Talk about agents of bioterrorism. How are anthrax and smallpox contracted? Treated? How do they present? Vaccines are one of the most effective methods of preventing and controlling communicable diseases. What are these diseases? How do they present? How are they treated? Food infection results from bacteria or viral or parasitic infection of food. Name some food- borne illnesses. What are food intoxications? Vector-borne diseases are transmitted by vectors. How are they treated? Prevented? Zoonosis is an infection transmitted from a vertebrate animal to a human. How is this prevented? Treated? Talk about hospital-acquired infections and universal precautions. Discuss disease surveillance. What are the uses? Purposes? Data sources? What are nationally notifiable diseases? State notifiable diseases? What is the system used for  this report mechanism? Discussion Questions: 1. Your college roommate went to bed not feeling well one night and early the next morning you had trouble arousing her. She was rushed to the hospital just in time to be effectively diagnoses and treated for meningococcal meningitis. The health department recommends immediate antibiotic treatment for everyone that was in close contact with your roommate. They set up a process to watch for additional cases to be sure an outbreak is not in progress. Fortunately, no more cases occur. You ask yourself: should your college require that all  freshmen have the meningococcal vaccine before they can register for classes? 2. As a health advisor to a worldwide HIV/AIDS foundation, you are asked to advise on ways to address the HIV and developing tuberculosis epidemics. You are asked to do some long- range thinking and to come up with a list of potential approaches to control the epidemics, or at least ways reduce the development of TB. The first recommendation to make is to forget about eradicating HIV/AIDS. How did you come to that conclusion? 3. Your hometown of 100,000 is faced with a crisis as an airplane lands containing a  passenger thought to have a new form of severe influenza that has recently gained the ability to spread from person to person through airborne spread. As the mayor of the city, what do you decide to do? 4. You are a principal at a local high school. One of your top athletes is in the hospital with a spreading bacterial infection due to a staphylococcus bacteria resistant to all known antibiotics. The infection occurred after what appeared to be a minor injury during practice. As the principal, what do you decide to do? Case Study # 1: A local university does not require proof of immunization from incoming students. The university administration is afraid that requiring evidence of immunization will deter students from registering for courses. How might you go about convincing the administration that immunization status should be validated before students are allowed to register? You believe that all college students should receive a meningitis vaccination prior to enrolling. What do you believe would work better: 1) requiring the immunization before the student arrives at the college or 2) providing vaccinations to students upon arrival at college? Case Study # 2: A Communicable Disease  Jane is an 18-year-old college student. She lives in the dorm with her roommate, Sally. Shortly after Jane returned from Christmas vacation, she developed a fever and a rash. She didn’t feel too bad, but Sally persuaded her to see a doctor. Because it was Saturday, Jane went to the emergency department (ED) of the local hospital. The physician there made a diagnosis of rubella. Later that night, he and the nurses in the ED became very busy with victims of a multi vehicle accident. As a result, no one completed the health department form reporting Jane’s rubella until 2 days later. By the time a community health nurse contacted Jane to complete a rubella case report, Sally and several other girls in Jane’s dorm had also developed rubella. Sally gave it to her boyfriend, who exposed those in his classes. One of the women in his English class is pregnant. Based on the information presented in the case description, what biophysical, psychological, physical environmental, sociocultural, behavioral, and health system factors are operating in this situation? What additional factors in these dimensions might influence the situation? How might you assess for the presence or absence of these factors? What primary preventive measures could have been employed to prevent this situation? What primary prevention measures are appropriate at this point? What secondary and tertiary measures by the community health nurse are appropriate at this time? What roles will the community health nurse perform in dealing with this situation? What other public health personnel might the community health nurse collaborate with in addressing the situation? How would you evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in this situation?